In this brief but insightful and clearly organized discussion, Iranian American Alavi reviews and evaluates philosophical literature to develop her own theory of oppression, which she applies to analyzing the identities and social conditions of Iranian émigrés and their descendants in the US. Alavi focuses on experiences, such as stereotyping, discrimination, and self-hate, that coerce assimilation or isolation and inhibit individuals from developing capabilities on the basis of their group membership. She argues that a distinction must be drawn between thriving economically, as Iranian Americans are thought to do, and being free of the effects of racism and discrimination. Indeed, the economic success of Iranian immigrants may camouflage the ways in which the population as a whole is oppressed by experiences of exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. Alavi also notes the significance of class and gender differences and discusses how skin color, language ability, education, job skills, and geographical location are factors that can systematically and structurally limit people from developing capabilities and accessing the benefits of equality. Although Alavi’s philosophical analysis only minimally examines socioeconomic data and cultural specifics, she makes a good case for understanding, and also potentially eliminating, the effects of oppression. Recommended. General readers through faculty; professionals.

Choice Reviews

Roksana Alavi beautifully interweaves the personal and the political to chronicle the racialization of Iranian Americans and capture the ways that xenophobia functions in America. This book explores the stereotypes ingrained within the American psyche via blockbuster movies such as Argo, Shahs of Sunset, and Not Without My Daughter. Using the capabilities approach to generate rights, Alavi remains committed to issues of justice and equality and does a wonderful job of carving a path forward for eradicating oppression.

Saba Fatima, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Alavi shows that the Iranian American experience is an underdiscussed and rich source for considering issues of race, identity, and discrimination. Her reflections on 'self-shame' and divided immigrant identities are especially interesting.

Adam Hosein, Northeastern University