Kharas concludes on a hopeful note, arguing that the global middle class can be a force for social and political good if its members press for decarbonization, spend their money on sustainable products, and support policies that foster social mobility and create decent jobs for all.

Foreign Affairs

In The Rise of the Global Middle Class, Kharas chronicles the rise of the middle class from the Industrial Revolution through the present, then discusses the problems that threaten the existence of this almost five-billion-strong middle class, and ends with an agenda for the future. After attempting to define the middle class in the first chapter, Kharas distinguishes middle-class growth around the world by when and where it occurred. Chapter 2 discusses the first billion members of this class, chiefly in the West. In chapter 3, another billion from eastern Europe, Latin America, and east Asia join the ranks. China accounts for most of the third billion, discussed in chapter 4, and India's contribution to the fourth billion is the major subject of chapter 5. Chapter 6 considers the future of the middle class, given the detrimental effects of consumer society on the environment and the job insecurity that often arises when new technologies replace workers in more and more labor markets. In a more optimistic vein, chapter 7 suggests government policies and changes in outlook that can support the global middle class in its quest for a good life. Recommended. All readership levels.

Choice Reviews

Homi Kharas delivers good news: in just two centuries, the world has moved from abject poverty to a middle class that includes half the world's people. And further rapid progress is possible, including the end of poverty and billions added to the middle class. Kharas ably presents the facts, history, and underlying drivers of progress, but also highlights the huge challenges ahead, including the urgent need for global cooperation, social cohesion, quality education, environmental sustainability, and smart deployment of the new digital technologies. This is a deeply informed, humane, and timely book for readers everywhere.

Jeffrey D. Sachs, professor, Columbia University, author of The End of Poverty

The success of societies everywhere depends on the health of the middle class. So does the success of the global economy. Homi Kharas brings decades of development experience to thinking about how best to strengthen middle classes everywhere in this very important book.

Lawrence H. Summers, Former US Treasury Secretary and President Emeritus at Harvard University

In his new book The Rise of the Global Middle Class, Homi Kharas, with his usual clarity of thought, takes on the complicated question of whether a growing global middle class is necessarily good for growth, prosperity, stability and happiness. The answer might surprise you. The book is a great read for the historically minded and intellectually curious!

Ngozi Okonjo Iweala, DG WTO and Former Finance Minister of Nigeria

Poverty, what creates it, feeds it and how to alleviate it are the themes of an old and vast body of work. The bulk of the attention of scholars, politicians and commentators has mostly centered on the very poor and the very rich. More specifically on how to lift people from poverty and how to ensure that income and wealth are fairly distributed. Attention to the unprecedented expansion of the middle-class has attracted far less attention than it deserves. Fortunately, we can now count on Homi Kharas' lucid, original and rigorous work on the ascent of the middle class around the world. His pioneering research sheds light on the drivers of the new middle-class and highlights the policies needed to protect billions of people from backsliding into poverty.

Homi Kharas has produced a must-read book bound to become an obligatory reference for any serious discussion about the global middle class.

Moises Naim, Distinguished Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and author of The Revenge of Power