Contents.- Preface viii.- INTRODUCTION: NECESSITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 1 A Pattern of Technological Change On Technological Determinism Modelling Technological Change.- CHAPTER 1: THE CASE OF THE CINEMA 10.- The 'Invention' of the Cinema: Accelerators and Brakes: Great Men Invent the Cinema Errors and Omissions The Edison Patent Battles The Context for Cinema: Realism and Illusionism The Context for Cinema: Narrative The Context for Cinema: The Mass Audience Towards a Structural Account of the Making of Cinema.- CHAPTER 2: THE CASE OF COLOUR FILM 39 White Skin and Colour Film: The Ideology of the Apparatus On Ideological Innocence 'Natural' Colour 'Inventing' Colour Film Reproducing Colour Colour in Motion The Meaning of Colour 'Pleasing Flesh Tones'.- CHAPTER 3: THE CASE OF 16MM FILM 58 From Home Movies to Cinéma Vérité: Looking for a Need: The Standard of the Art: Edison's Strategy The Emergence of 16mm: Kodak's Strategy Avoiding the Amateur (1): The Newsreels Avoiding the Amateur (2): The Documentary Movement Avoiding the Amateur (3): The Radicals and The Ethnographers Suppressing 16mm's Potential Supervening Necessity: Stage 1 – World War II Supervening Necessity: Stage 2 – TV News Supervening Necessity: Stage 3 – 'A Breath of Fresh Air for Documentary The Rise and Fall of 16mm.- CHAPTER 4: THE CASE OF HDTV 88 Lights, Camera, Inaction: Hollywood and Technology One from the Heart: Coppola's Strategy Social Demands of Post-Industrial Societies: NHK's Strategy Broadcasters Must Maintain Faith: The Engineer's Strategy We're Behind Japan – Again: The Media's Strategy 35mm Quality at 16mm Production Prices: Sony's Strategy Give Me One Good Reason to Change: Hollywood's Strategies They Could Not See the Sound: Hollywood's Strategies (1) Techni colour: Hollywood's Strategies (2) Too Grainy for Projection: Hollywood's Strategies (3) A Man and His Dream: Coppola's Strategy Revisited The Five-Year Syndrome: The Technophiles' Strategy.- CHAPTER 5: THE CASE OF THE THIRD DIMENSION 109 Where is Holography?: Necessities and Constraints From the Stereoptician to Bwana Devil From the Interference Hypothesis to the Interferometer Holography as a 'Time-Based Medium' Notes 119.