Combating Terrorism in the 21st Century
American Laws, Strategies, and Agencies
Combating Terrorism in the 21st Century
American Laws, Strategies, and Agencies
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Description
This combination A–Z encyclopedia and primary document collection serves as an authoritative and enlightening overview of US counterterrorism politics, policies, attitudes, and actions related to both foreign and domestic threats.
This book provides a compelling overview of US laws, policies, programs, and actions in the realms of counterterrorism, as well as comprehensive coverage of the various domestic and foreign terrorist organizations threatening America, including their leaders, ideologies, and practices. Entries are supplemented with a carefully selected collection of primary sources that track the evolution of US counterterrorism policies and political debate. These documents not only illuminate major events and turning points in America's fight against terror – both foreign and homegrown – but also help readers understand debates about the effectiveness, morality, and constitutionality of controversial policies that have either been implemented or proposed, from waterboarding to targeted assassination to indefinite incarceration at Guantánamo Bay.
In addition, this resource shows how political controversies over counterterrorism strategies are spilling over into other areas of American life – from debates about privacy rights, government surveillance, and racially-discriminatory actions and beliefs to arguments about whether US firearms policies are a boon to terrorists.
Table of Contents
List of Entries
Reader's Guide to Entries by Category
List of Documents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Entries
Abortion Facilities Attacks
Abu Ghraib Scandal
Achille Lauro Hijacking
Active Shooter Scenarios
al-Awlaki, Anwar
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr
“Alphabet Bomber,” Muharem Kurbegovic
al-Qaeda
Al-Suwaij, Zainab
Anthrax Attacks of 2001
Antifa
Anti-Muslim Attacks
Armed Militias
Army of God
Aryan Nations
Asymmetrical Warfare
Attack on the U.S. Capitol, January 6, 2021
Axis of Evil
Bath School Bombing
Beirut Bombing of American Barracks
Beltway Sniper Attacks
Benghazi
bin Laden, Osama
Biological Weapons
Boston Marathon Bombing
Centennial Olympic Park Bombing
Central Intelligence Agency
Charleston Church Massacre
Christmas Day “Underwear Bomber”
Columbine Attack
Counterterrorism, the Courts, and the Constitution
Counterterrorism and the Clinton Administration
Counterterrorism and the George W. Bush Administration
Counterterrorism and the Obama Administration
Counterterrorism and the Trump Administration
Criminal Organization Terrorism
Critical Infrastructure as a Terrorist Target
Cyberattacks
Cybersecurity
Defense Intelligence Agency
Department of Homeland Security
Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Director of National Intelligence
Dirty Bombs
Domestic Terrorism, Anarchists
Domestic Terrorism, Anti-Semitic
Domestic Terrorism, Pre-1950 Activity
Domestic Terrorism, the Civil Rights Era
Domestic Terrorism, the Vietnam Era
Domestic Terrorism, White Supremacists
Domestic Terrorist Groups
Earth Liberation Front
Economic Costs of Terrorism
El Paso Walmart Shooting
Electromagnetic Pulse
Enhanced Interrogation Debate
Entebbe Rescue Operation
Evolution of Terrorism
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Directorate of Intelligence
Female Terrorists, Ideology and Logistics
Female Terrorists, Suicide Bombers
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Foreign Terrorist Groups at War with the United States
Fort Hood Shooting
Gaddafi (Qaddafi), Muammar
Garden City, Long Island Rail Road Shooting
Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp
Hamas
Hard and Soft Targets
Haymarket Affair
Hezbollah
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
Homegrown Terrorism
Homeland Defense and the Department of Defense
Homeland Security
Homeland Security Act of 2002
Hostage Negotiation
Information Sharing Environment
Intelligence Community, Adjustments to the Post-9/11 World
Intelligence Fusion Centers
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
Intelligence-Led Policing
International Criminal Court
Internet as a Virtual School for Terrorism
Internet Surveillance
Islamic State, The
Jihad
Justice against Sponsors of Terrorism Act
Ku Klux Klan
London Terrorist Attacks
London Transit Terrorist Attacks
Madrid Train Bombings and the War on Terror
Manhattan, New York City Bombing
Media, Changing Roles in the Terrorist Era
Michigan Governor Kidnapping Plot
Montana Freemen Siege
Munich Olympics Terrorist Attack
Muslim American Community and Homeland Security
National Security Act of 1947
National Security Agency
National Security Letters Controversy
New Terrorism
Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing
Orlando Pulse Nightclub Shooting
Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie) Bombing
Pipe Bomber Attacks, Lucas John “Luke” Helder
Pittsburgh Synagogue Shooting
Police Officers as Terrorist Targets
Profiling
Protect America Act of 2007
Psychology of Terrorists
Rahman, Sheikh Omar Abdel
Recruiting Terrorists
Reign of Terror
Returnees from Wars and Refugees as Terrorist Threats
Ruby Ridge Standoff
Rudolph, Eric Robert
San Bernardino Attack
September 11, 2001, Attack on America
Single-Issue Terrorism
Snowden, Edward
Social Media and Terrorism
Sociology of Terrorism
State Terrorism
Taliban
Targeted Assassinations
Terrorism
Times Square Bombing Attempt
Transportation Security
Unabomber Attacks, Theodore John “Ted” Kaczynski
United States Embassy and Consulate Attacks
United States Senate Bombing
Unmanned Aerial Systems
USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
USS Cole Attack
Virginia Tech Shooting
Waco Standoff
Wall Street Bombing
War on Terror, The
War on Terror: Afghanistan and Pakistan
War on Terror: Somalia and Sudan
Weak and Failed States
Weaponizing the Internet
Weapons of Mass Destruction
World Trade Center Attack
Primary Documents
Internment of Americans of Japanese Heritage during World War II, 1942
Executive Order No. 9066, Relocation of Japanese during World War II, February 19, 1942
Griswold v. Connecticut and the Right to Privacy, 1965
Griswold v. Connecticut (381 U.S. 479), June 7, 1965
Church Committee Condemns Excessive Government Surveillance of Americans, 1976
Church Committee Report on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, U.S. Senate, April 14, 1976
President Reagan Responds to the Hijacking of TWA Flight 847, 1985
President Ronald Reagan's Press Conference following the Hijacking of TWA Flight 847 and Murder of the U.S. Navy Diver On Board, June 18, 1985
President Clinton's Remarks following the Oklahoma City Terrorist Bombing, 1995
President William J. Clinton's Statement following the Bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995
Congress Passes the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, 1996
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Public Law 104-132, April 24, 1996
Osama bin Laden Declares Jihad against America, 1996
Osama bin Laden's 1996 Declaration of Jihad against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holiest Islamic Sites
Secretary of State Albright Issues Terrorism Warning, 1999
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's Senate Testimony on the Danger Posed by Terrorism to American Personnel and the World Order, February 4, 1999
American Intelligence Agencies Warn Bush White House about Bin Laden, 2001
“Bin Laden Determined to Strike in US,” Presidential Daily Briefing Paper, August 6, 2001
President Bush Addresses Congress and the Nation following 9/11 Attacks, 2001
President George W. Bush's Address to the Congress following the September 11 Attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, September 20, 2001
Congress Passes the Patriot Act, 2001
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, Enacted October 26, 2001
Final Report of the 9/11 Commission, 2004
Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks on the United States (The 9/11 Commission): Executive Summary, July 22, 2004
President Bush Mandates Increased Sharing of Terrorism Intelligence, 2005
Executive Order 13388, Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information to Protect Americans, October 25, 2005
President Obama Announces the Death of bin Laden, 2011
President Barack Obama Addresses the Nation after U.S. Forces Kill Osama bin Laden, May 2, 2011
Secretary of State Clinton Responds to Congressional Questions about Benghazi, 2013 and 2015
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's 2013 Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, January 23, 2013 and October 22, 2015, Testimony before the House Committee on Benghazi Inquiring into the 2012 Death of American Diplomats in Benghazi, Libya
Obama Administration Report on Balancing Civil Liberties and National Security, 2013
Report and Recommendations of the President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, Liberty and Security in a Changing World, December 12, 2013
FBI Director Comey on Technology, Privacy, and Counterterrorism, 2014
FBI Director James B. Comey's Address before the Brooking Institution, “Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course?” Washington, DC, October 16, 2014
Congress Passes the USA FREEDOM Act, 2015
USA FREEDOM Act is Enacted by U.S. 114th Congress, 1st Session, June 2, 2015
President Trump Declares Travel Ban on Visitors from Islamic Countries, 2017
Presidential Proclamation 9645, “Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public Safety Threats,” September 24, 2017
Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Trump Administration Travel Ban in Trump v. Hawaii, 2018
Majority Opinion of the Court in Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Hawaii et al. (585 U.S. [June 26] 2018)
Remarks by Senator Mitt Romney following the Capitol Riot, 2021
Public Statement delivered on January 6, 2021
FBI Director Wray Tells America That Capitol Riot Was “Not an Isolated Event,” 2021
Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee, March 2, 2021
About the Editors and Contributors
Index
Reader's Guide to Entries by Category
List of Documents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Entries
Abortion Facilities Attacks
Abu Ghraib Scandal
Achille Lauro Hijacking
Active Shooter Scenarios
al-Awlaki, Anwar
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr
“Alphabet Bomber,” Muharem Kurbegovic
al-Qaeda
Al-Suwaij, Zainab
Anthrax Attacks of 2001
Antifa
Anti-Muslim Attacks
Armed Militias
Army of God
Aryan Nations
Asymmetrical Warfare
Attack on the U.S. Capitol, January 6, 2021
Axis of Evil
Bath School Bombing
Beirut Bombing of American Barracks
Beltway Sniper Attacks
Benghazi
bin Laden, Osama
Biological Weapons
Boston Marathon Bombing
Centennial Olympic Park Bombing
Central Intelligence Agency
Charleston Church Massacre
Christmas Day “Underwear Bomber”
Columbine Attack
Counterterrorism, the Courts, and the Constitution
Counterterrorism and the Clinton Administration
Counterterrorism and the George W. Bush Administration
Counterterrorism and the Obama Administration
Counterterrorism and the Trump Administration
Criminal Organization Terrorism
Critical Infrastructure as a Terrorist Target
Cyberattacks
Cybersecurity
Defense Intelligence Agency
Department of Homeland Security
Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Director of National Intelligence
Dirty Bombs
Domestic Terrorism, Anarchists
Domestic Terrorism, Anti-Semitic
Domestic Terrorism, Pre-1950 Activity
Domestic Terrorism, the Civil Rights Era
Domestic Terrorism, the Vietnam Era
Domestic Terrorism, White Supremacists
Domestic Terrorist Groups
Earth Liberation Front
Economic Costs of Terrorism
El Paso Walmart Shooting
Electromagnetic Pulse
Enhanced Interrogation Debate
Entebbe Rescue Operation
Evolution of Terrorism
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Directorate of Intelligence
Female Terrorists, Ideology and Logistics
Female Terrorists, Suicide Bombers
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Foreign Terrorist Groups at War with the United States
Fort Hood Shooting
Gaddafi (Qaddafi), Muammar
Garden City, Long Island Rail Road Shooting
Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp
Hamas
Hard and Soft Targets
Haymarket Affair
Hezbollah
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
Homegrown Terrorism
Homeland Defense and the Department of Defense
Homeland Security
Homeland Security Act of 2002
Hostage Negotiation
Information Sharing Environment
Intelligence Community, Adjustments to the Post-9/11 World
Intelligence Fusion Centers
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
Intelligence-Led Policing
International Criminal Court
Internet as a Virtual School for Terrorism
Internet Surveillance
Islamic State, The
Jihad
Justice against Sponsors of Terrorism Act
Ku Klux Klan
London Terrorist Attacks
London Transit Terrorist Attacks
Madrid Train Bombings and the War on Terror
Manhattan, New York City Bombing
Media, Changing Roles in the Terrorist Era
Michigan Governor Kidnapping Plot
Montana Freemen Siege
Munich Olympics Terrorist Attack
Muslim American Community and Homeland Security
National Security Act of 1947
National Security Agency
National Security Letters Controversy
New Terrorism
Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing
Orlando Pulse Nightclub Shooting
Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie) Bombing
Pipe Bomber Attacks, Lucas John “Luke” Helder
Pittsburgh Synagogue Shooting
Police Officers as Terrorist Targets
Profiling
Protect America Act of 2007
Psychology of Terrorists
Rahman, Sheikh Omar Abdel
Recruiting Terrorists
Reign of Terror
Returnees from Wars and Refugees as Terrorist Threats
Ruby Ridge Standoff
Rudolph, Eric Robert
San Bernardino Attack
September 11, 2001, Attack on America
Single-Issue Terrorism
Snowden, Edward
Social Media and Terrorism
Sociology of Terrorism
State Terrorism
Taliban
Targeted Assassinations
Terrorism
Times Square Bombing Attempt
Transportation Security
Unabomber Attacks, Theodore John “Ted” Kaczynski
United States Embassy and Consulate Attacks
United States Senate Bombing
Unmanned Aerial Systems
USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
USS Cole Attack
Virginia Tech Shooting
Waco Standoff
Wall Street Bombing
War on Terror, The
War on Terror: Afghanistan and Pakistan
War on Terror: Somalia and Sudan
Weak and Failed States
Weaponizing the Internet
Weapons of Mass Destruction
World Trade Center Attack
Primary Documents
Internment of Americans of Japanese Heritage during World War II, 1942
Executive Order No. 9066, Relocation of Japanese during World War II, February 19, 1942
Griswold v. Connecticut and the Right to Privacy, 1965
Griswold v. Connecticut (381 U.S. 479), June 7, 1965
Church Committee Condemns Excessive Government Surveillance of Americans, 1976
Church Committee Report on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, U.S. Senate, April 14, 1976
President Reagan Responds to the Hijacking of TWA Flight 847, 1985
President Ronald Reagan's Press Conference following the Hijacking of TWA Flight 847 and Murder of the U.S. Navy Diver On Board, June 18, 1985
President Clinton's Remarks following the Oklahoma City Terrorist Bombing, 1995
President William J. Clinton's Statement following the Bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995
Congress Passes the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, 1996
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Public Law 104-132, April 24, 1996
Osama bin Laden Declares Jihad against America, 1996
Osama bin Laden's 1996 Declaration of Jihad against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holiest Islamic Sites
Secretary of State Albright Issues Terrorism Warning, 1999
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's Senate Testimony on the Danger Posed by Terrorism to American Personnel and the World Order, February 4, 1999
American Intelligence Agencies Warn Bush White House about Bin Laden, 2001
“Bin Laden Determined to Strike in US,” Presidential Daily Briefing Paper, August 6, 2001
President Bush Addresses Congress and the Nation following 9/11 Attacks, 2001
President George W. Bush's Address to the Congress following the September 11 Attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, September 20, 2001
Congress Passes the Patriot Act, 2001
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, Enacted October 26, 2001
Final Report of the 9/11 Commission, 2004
Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks on the United States (The 9/11 Commission): Executive Summary, July 22, 2004
President Bush Mandates Increased Sharing of Terrorism Intelligence, 2005
Executive Order 13388, Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information to Protect Americans, October 25, 2005
President Obama Announces the Death of bin Laden, 2011
President Barack Obama Addresses the Nation after U.S. Forces Kill Osama bin Laden, May 2, 2011
Secretary of State Clinton Responds to Congressional Questions about Benghazi, 2013 and 2015
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's 2013 Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, January 23, 2013 and October 22, 2015, Testimony before the House Committee on Benghazi Inquiring into the 2012 Death of American Diplomats in Benghazi, Libya
Obama Administration Report on Balancing Civil Liberties and National Security, 2013
Report and Recommendations of the President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, Liberty and Security in a Changing World, December 12, 2013
FBI Director Comey on Technology, Privacy, and Counterterrorism, 2014
FBI Director James B. Comey's Address before the Brooking Institution, “Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course?” Washington, DC, October 16, 2014
Congress Passes the USA FREEDOM Act, 2015
USA FREEDOM Act is Enacted by U.S. 114th Congress, 1st Session, June 2, 2015
President Trump Declares Travel Ban on Visitors from Islamic Countries, 2017
Presidential Proclamation 9645, “Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public Safety Threats,” September 24, 2017
Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Trump Administration Travel Ban in Trump v. Hawaii, 2018
Majority Opinion of the Court in Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Hawaii et al. (585 U.S. [June 26] 2018)
Remarks by Senator Mitt Romney following the Capitol Riot, 2021
Public Statement delivered on January 6, 2021
FBI Director Wray Tells America That Capitol Riot Was “Not an Isolated Event,” 2021
Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee, March 2, 2021
About the Editors and Contributors
Index
Product details
| Published | Sep 27 2022 |
|---|---|
| Format | Hardback |
| Edition | 1st |
| Pages | 488 |
| ISBN | 9781440855948 |
| Imprint | Bloomsbury Academic |
| Dimensions | 254 x 178 mm |
| Publisher | Bloomsbury Publishing |
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