Introduction: Have We Taken Nietzsche Seriously Enough?





Nietzsche's Proclamation of the Death of God Revisited


1. Who (or What) Is Dead When God Has Died?


2. God, the Ultimate Foundation


3. The Death of God: The End of All Foundations


4. Conclusion: The End of Transcendence





Elements from the History of the Western Concept of God from its Greek Origins until the Fourteenth Century


1. The Origins of the Western Concept of God in Pre-Socratic Philosophy


2. The God of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the Platonists after Plato


a. God in Plato's Philosophy


b. God in Aristotle's Philosophy


c. God in Stoic Philosophy


d. God in the Philosophy of the Platonists after Plato


e. Conclusion: The Legacy of Greek Natural Theology


3. Augustine's Synthesis of Neoplatonism and Biblical Faith


4. The Medieval Synthesis: From Augustine to Aquinas


5. The Breakdown of the Medieval Synthesis


6. Summary





Descartes, Divine Omnipotence, and the Theological Origins of Modernity


1. Divine Omnipotence in the Bible


2. Divine Omnipotence in the Patristic Era


3. Divine Omnipotence in the Christian Philosophy of the Middle Ages


a. Divine Omnipotence within the Limits of God's Nature (Peter Damian and Anselm of Canterbury)


b. The World as a Necessary Emanation from the Good (Peter Abelard)


c. Meeting Abelard's Challenge: The Distinction between God's Ordained Power and His Absolute Power


4. The Theological Origins of Modernity Evaluated


a. Gillespie's Thesis Questioned


b. An Alternative Explanation of Descartes's Deceiving God


c. Divine Omnipotence in Descartes: The Doctrine of the Creation of the Eternal Truths


5. Summary and Conclusion





4. Modern Science and the Disappearance of God from Western Culture


1. From Analogy to Univocity: The Beginning of the End for God in the West?


2. The Emergence of the Concept of Natura Pura in Scholastic Thought


a. The Problematization of the Natural Desire to See God


b. A New Understanding of the Causal Relation between God and Creation


c. Conclusion


3. Personal Immortality and the Autonomy of Natural Philosophy


4. Protestantism, Biblical Literalism and the Rise of Modern Science


5. Modern Science and the Problematization of God's Presence


6. The Dialectical Origins of Modern Atheism





Luther, Hegel, and the Death of God


1. The Origins of the Phrase 'God Is Dead!' in Lutheran Theology


a. The Chalcedonian Definition of the Faith


b. The Doctrine of the Communicatio Idiomatum


c. Luther's Re-interpretation of the Communicatio Idiomatum


2. The Meaning of the Phrase 'God Himself Is Dead' in Hegel


a. Enlightenment Philosophy and 'the Feeling that God Himself Is Dead'


b. 'The Feeling that God Himself Is Dead' as Basis of 'the Religion of More Recent Times'


c. 'The Feeling that God Himself Is Dead' as an Inducement to Philosophy to Transform Itself


3. The Death of God: From Luther to Nietzsche via Hegel


4. Protestantism and the Rise of Modern Atheism: A Note on the Relevance of the Theme of the Death of God





General Conclusion