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The Orphan Paradox
Destinies, Autocracies and Democracies in India and the United States
The Orphan Paradox
Destinies, Autocracies and Democracies in India and the United States
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Description
Why do democracies continue to elect 'orphaned' outsiders versus 'patrician' elites?
In The Orphan Paradox, Sharma offers an original meditation on the hidden wounds that shape political leadership. Building on his earlier works, including Barack Obama in Hawai'i and Indonesia (2012), Sharma fuses psychology, history, and political science to illuminate how leaders transform vulnerability into vision. Through vivid portraits that traverse continents and centuries, he traces how the United States and India - twin experiments in democracy born of colonial rupture - produced leaders who embodied both loss and renewal: Washington, Jefferson, and Madison in America; Gandhi, Nehru, and Ambedkar in India. From these founders emerged patrician families –the Adamses, Kennedys, Bushes, and the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty - whose inheritance of power eventually met the populist insurgencies of figures like Trump and Modi. For psychologists, historians and political scientists alike, The Orphan Paradox provides a new framework on the foundations of democracy, showing how personal loss shapes institutional design and how nations, like individuals, oscillate between trauma and transcendence. The result is a work of scholarship with a moral urgency - a study of how the orphaned souls continue to haunt, and perhaps redeem the democratic experiment.
Table of Contents
Note on Author
Foreword
Preface
Ch. 1: Introduction
Ch. 2: The Orphan Paradox
Ch. 3: The Founders of Democracies
Ch. 4: The Inheritors of Autocratic Dynasties
Ch. 5: The Populism of Nationalist Autocrats
Ch. 6: Political Cycles & Trauma Politics
Ch. 7: A Traumagenic Theory of Leadership
Ch. 8: The Orphan, the Strongman and the Oligarch
Ch. 9: Conclusion
References
Appendix
Product details
| Published | Jun 11 2026 |
|---|---|
| Format | Hardback |
| Edition | 1st |
| Extent | 256 |
| ISBN | 9781666976793 |
| Imprint | Bloomsbury Academic |
| Illustrations | 10 b/w photos |
| Dimensions | 229 x 152 mm |
| Publisher | Bloomsbury Publishing |
About the contributors
Reviews
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Combining psychology, history, and political science, The Orphan Paradox introduces a ground-breaking approach to understanding the development of national leadership. It compares the United States and India - two of the most populist democracies in the world - to present a new and insightful way of looking at political culture. Sharma's exposition of "traumagenic leadership" shaped by psychic wounds and traumas that affect "both nations and the figures who lead them" is particularly compelling.
Dr. Arturo G. Munoz, Senior Political Scientist, RAND Corporation, and former CIA officer.
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This bold new volume discovers how a high percentage of American presidents and India's prime ministers have lost one or both parents as children, and how this deeply shaped their later success. Like Sharma's earlier volumes, the Orphan Paradox offers an eye-opening inside look into our political leaders that even these leaders themselves may not realize.
Harold Takooshian, PhD, Past-President, Division of International Psychology, American Psychological Association, USA

























