Prosecuting the case that the traditional image of Paramartha is inaccurate, in this articulate and innovative monograph Ching Keng combines philological, historical and doctrinal analyses in order to recover Paramartha's authentic teachings. To that end, Keng also boldly challenges the view that Yogacara and Tathagatagarbha were antagonistic traditions in India.

John Makeham, Emeritus Professor of Chinese Studies, La Trobe University and The Australian National University, Australia

A creative and very solid study on the Indian scholar-monk Paramartha, who made a significant mark on Chinese Buddhist translation practices. With consideration toward Paramartha's diction and thought, Keng develops intriguing arguments concerning how and why the famed Awakening of Faith appeared as Paramartha's translation in medieval China.

Funayama Toru, Professor of Buddhist Studies at the Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Japan

For well over a century Chinese, Japanese, and Western scholars have labored over the question of how, why, and with what warrant the Yogacara and Tathagatagarbha traditions of Indian Mahayana Buddhism came to be so distinctively and consequentially intertwined in Chinese Buddhist thought. The focus of these labors has long been the inestimably influential text known as the Mahayana Awakening of Faith (Dasheng qixin lun) and its alleged association with the work of the Indian Missionary Paramartha. In this learnèd and rigorously argued study, Keng has given us a Paramartha untethered from the Awakening of Faith thereby allowing us to see him more clearly as a faithful, albeit original, exponent of Yogacara doctrine. Keng's exemplary study will surely came to be recognized as essential to all future study of the medieval development of Chinese- and Indian - Buddhist doctrine.

Robert M. Gimello, Research Professor Emeritus of Theology and Fellow of the Liu Institute for Asia and Asian Studies, The University of Notre Dame du Lac, USA