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Invading the American Canon

Translators of Russian Literary Fiction, 1863-1984

  • Open Access
Invading the American Canon cover

Invading the American Canon

Translators of Russian Literary Fiction, 1863-1984

  • Open Access
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Pre-order. Available 02 Oct 2025
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Description

Through case studies of émigré literary translators and editors, this open access book traces how Russian literature kindled the American imagination in the 20th century.

In the 19th century, American literature was invaded by great Russian novels, including the works of Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gorky, and others, all mediated, translated, and sometimes even discovered by devoted freelance translators like Isabel Hapgood, Leo Weiner, and Nathan Haskell Dole. Throughout the 1900s these translators made Russian literature, from Nobel prizewinners like Solzhenitsyn to obscure émigrés like Mark Aldanov, accessible to American readers. Some literary translators were also publishers, like Nicholas Wreden (1901-55), at different times a bookseller at Scribner's, an editor at E.P. Dutton and a publishing executive at Little, Brown. His style was so well-regarded that Hemingway wished he wrote in Russian so that Wreden could translate him. He was also a lumberjack, a trainee naval officer and an émigré who fled Russia in 1920 to become a naturalized American citizen. Uniquely, as a translator and as a publisher, Wreden helped determine which Russian novels the American public would read.

This book tells Wreden's story. It also reconstructs, using archival sources, the lives of other extraordinary translator-publishers like Thomas Seltzer, Bernard Guilbert Guerney, and Carl Proffer, who, with his wife Ellendea, ran Ardis Publishers, the firm that brought Soviet writing to the US. Invading the American Canon tells the history of the translation of Russian literature in America and its changing critical reception over a hundred turbulent years.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the University of Exeter.

Table of Contents

List of Figures
Preface
Acknowledgements
Notes on Transliteration, Citation, and Referencing
Introduction: Russian and American Literature in the Twentieth Century
Introduction: Fraternal twins
Methodology: Translator studies
Introducing Nicholas Wreden
'Gorki at Coney Island': A critical overview
'A Great Treasure': Russian literature as intellectual and aesthetic capital
Conclusion
1. The Taming of the Arts: Publishing Russian Literature in America to 1935
'The great Autocracy and the great Republic'
The earliest American translators: Schuyler and his successors
Schuyler's translations: 'More Or Less Clumsily Englished'
'Fragments of a foreign feast': Translation at the turn of the nineteenth century
Hapgood and Dole: 'Cobbling Extraordinary'
Hapgood and Gorky: 'rather strong meat'
Aline Delano and Korolenko: 'comparatively, no sense of humor'
Thomas Seltzer: 'a tiny Jew, but trustworthy'
Conclusion: Ram them!
2. Unmaking A Russian: The Rise of Nicholas Wreden
Unmaking a Russian, Making an American
“Go Into The Book Business!” Wreden as book traveler
Adventures in the retail trade: Wreden the bookstore manager
'A big job to do during the next couple of years': Wreden on committees
'An invaluable member of this organization': Wreden as editor
Wreden and Russophone cultural networks
Conclusion: Greeting ghosts
3. To Live As We Wish: Nicholas Wreden as Translator
Introduction: 'a staggering amount'
Soviet sex crime: The reception of Dog Lane on both sides of the Pacific
'Gremlins in their Kremlins': The Fifth Seal scandal
Gazdanov and The Specter of Alexander Wolf
Conclusion
4. I'll Never Go Back: Russian-Americans in Translation and Publishing
Introduction: A constellation of translators
Boris Brasol: 'a red rag to all Jewish readers'
John Cournos: 'unaccountable predilections'
A World May End: Irina Skariatina
'An Unfortunate Case of Versatility': The adventures of Bernard Guilbert Guerney
'I Think Every Good American Should Have A Book': Bookstore owner and publisher
“I hope the nail on your big toe dies of small pox”: Guerney's career as translator and anthologist
'Kid Pasternak' and the 'Zhivago job'
Conclusion
5. For Thee The Best: Ardis, and a Different Kind of Ardor
Introduction: On the Soviet literary front
The foundation of Ardis
Probably the greatest poets of the century: the translation of Mandel'shtam, Brodsky, and Sokolov
Carl Proffer: 'On the whole, with accuracy'
A “complex phenomenon”: Ardis and its achievements
Conclusion: Wheelchair basketball
Conclusion: Through the Years
Two deaths

Index

Product details

Bloomsbury Academic Test
Published 02 Oct 2025
Format Hardback
Edition 1st
Extent 192
ISBN 9798765121917
Imprint Bloomsbury Academic
Illustrations approx 15 b&w illustrations
Dimensions 216 x 138 mm
Series Literatures, Cultures, Translation
Publisher Bloomsbury Publishing

About the contributors

Author

Muireann Maguire

Muireann Maguire is Professor in Russian and Compa…

Series Editor

Michelle Woods

Michelle Woods is Associate Professor of English a…

Series Editor

Brian James Baer

Brian James Baer is Professor of Russian and Trans…

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