CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSIntroduction xi1Basic Library Compensation Management 1Compensation System Philosophy 1Compensation Defined 4Influence of Free-Market Economy on Salaries 4Organizational Compensation Objectives 5Organizational Compensation Reference Groups 6Compensation Control 7Importance of Compensation to Libraries and Employees 7Historical Background 8Wages and Salaries 8Developing a Pay Structure 9Library Compensation Management 10Administrative Organization 10Bibliography 132Developing an Internal Library Job Structure 15Job Analysis 15Job Evaluation 16Job-Evaluation Systems 17Sample Point-Factor System 20Problems with Job-Evaluation Systems 28Classification Method for Librarians 29The System in Practice 29Summary 30Appendix 30Note 43Bibliography 433Developing a Library Pay Structure 45Salary Ranges and Grades 45Job- or Skill-Based Pay 46Components of Pay Structure 51Decisions Relating to Pay Structure 51A Conventional Salary Structure 52Broad-Banding 53Minimums and Maximums 53Number of Pay Grades 53Compa-Ratio 54Forces Affecting Salary Structure 57Conventional Structure or Broad-Banding? 57Checking Up 58Individual Wage Determination 58Progressing through a Salary Range 60Problems and Risks of Salary Management 61Bibliography 644Pay for Performance 67Determining Individual Pay 67Performance-Based Pay Systems 68Pay for Performance in Practice 69Merit Pay Defined 70History of Merit Pay 70Variations among Merit-Pay Plans 71Measures of Performance for Merit Pay 71Full Cost of Merit Added to the Base 72Federal Study on Performance Appraisal for Merit Pay 72Problems with Merit-Pay Systems 76Problems in Relating Pay to Performance 76Poorly Managed Merit-Pay Systems 77Positive Aspects of Pay for Performance 77Suggestions for Implementing Merit Pay 77Pay Secrecy 79Notes 79Bibliography 795Performance Appraisals and Pay 83Effects of Performance Appraisal 84Appraisal Process 84Measuring Performance: Performance Appraisal Formats 84Appraiser Errors 86Criticisms of Performance Appraisals 87Benefits of Performance Appraisals 89Distinguishing between Meets and Exceeds Expectations 89Conducting a Self-Directed 360 Assessment 90Administrative Support for Appraisals 94Bibliography 946Library Staff Pay Strategies 97Increasing Proportion of Professional Staff 97Rewards in the Public Sector 98On What Basis Should Raises Be Given? 99Why Is One Employee Better Than Another? 99Improving Staff Performance 99Successful Pay for Performance 100Skill-Based Pay 100Competency-Based Pay 100Planning a Competency-Based Pay System 101Group Pay Plans 102Gainsharing 103Performance Appraisal 104Performance Management 104Sample Performance-Management Policy 105Sample Staff-Appraisal Form 112Bibliography 1187Librarian Pay Strategies 121Market 121Salary Surveys 122National Average Salaries for Librarians 122Faculty Rank, Status, and Tenure for Librarians 123Performance Evaluation 124Performance Appraisal for Faculty Librarians 124Performance Management 124Determining Faculty Raises Based on Merit 125Salary Review 126Appendix 126Notes 134Bibliography 1348Wage Gap and Pay Equity 137Pay Equity 137Wage Gap 139Gains in the Pay Gap 139Changes in the Wage Gap 140Developing a Pay-Equity Campaign 141Pay Equity in Minnesota 142Identifying Wage Discrimination Based on Sex 142Performing a Workforce Analysis 143Identifying Sex-Segregated Jobs 143Determining When a Job Class Is Predominantly Male or Female 144Fixing the Problem 148Writing a Pay-Equity Report 149The Pay-Equity Report 150Distribution of Pay-Equity Funds 152Pay Equity Is Everyone's Concern 152Notes 153Bibliography 1539Addressing Pay Issues in Libraries 157Librarians' Salaries 157Teaching Faculty Salaries and Distribution 158Gaining Equity 159Sources of Data 160A Supportive Group 161Writing a Report 161Conducting Salary Studies 161Presenting a Pay-Equity Case 162Responding to Individual Salary Concerns 162Making Salaries a Priority 163Staff Salaries 163Asking for a Raise 164Library Staff Concerns 164Library Support Staff Salary Survey 165Raising Average Staff Salaries to Local Market Salaries 166Selecting Salary Surveys 166Salary Surveys on the Internet 167Developing Your Own Salary Survey 168Outside Offers 168Summary 169Notes 169Bibliography 16910Indirect Compensation 173What Are Indirect Pay Benefits? 174Employee Indirect Compensation 174Employee Services 179Costing of Indirect Compensation 180The Benefits and Services Package 181Indirect Compensation Administration 182The Costs of Benefits 183Changing Employee Indirect Compensation 183Indirect Compensation as Part of Compensation 184Note 184Bibliography 18411Laws Affecting Library Compensation 189History of Compensation Laws 189Child Labor Laws 189Wages and Salaries 190Exempt Employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act 190Exempt versus Nonexempt 192Violations of Wage and Hour Laws 192Minimum Wage 194Overtime 194Requirements for Exempt Positions 194What Do We Call Them? 197Payment of Wages 197Prevailing Wage Act 197Equal Pay Act 198The Civil Rights Act 198Understanding Discrimination 199Ethnic Discrimination 200Sex Discrimination 201Sexual Orientation 202Disabled Workers 202Age Discrimination 203National Origin Discrimination 204Religious Discrimination 204Jury Duty, Witness Duty, and Voting Time 204Scenario 1: Performance Appraisals 205Scenario 2: Merit Decisions 206Summary 207Notes 207Bibliography 20812Income Replacement Programs 209When Compensation Is Interrupted 209Understanding the Risk 209Workers' Compensation 210Civil Lawsuits 214Social Security Disability Insurance 215Unemployment Insurance 216Jobless Workers Not Applying for Benefits 218Other Income Replacement Options 218Notes 219Bibliography 21913Compensation Administration in Libraries 223Library Compensation 223Salary Policy 224Job Evaluation 225Salary Structure 226Salary Surveys 226Salary Increases 227Types of Salary Increases 228Problems with Pay Increases 228Professional Compensation 229Compensation Goals 230Compensation Controls 231Pay Satisfaction 232Integrating Management by Objectives and Merit 232Trust and Compensation 234Bibliography 235Glossary 237Index 245