Mental Health Practice with LGBTQ+ Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults in Multiple Systems of Care: : Diverse Sexualities, Genders, and Relationships Cristina L. Magalhães Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Description

This book provides an overview of risk and protective factors for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth and emerging adults to inform the clinical practice of mental health professionals who work with this population. Grounded in multicultural, intersectional, and positive youth development frameworks, this book emphasizes holistic health perspectives, integrated care approaches (of mental health with general health service delivery), and interdisciplinary team efforts targeting both the psychological and physical health needs of children, adolescents, and emerging adults. Mental health professionals and educators at any stage of their career who want to expand their knowledge base and improve their skill level for working effectively with LGBTQ+ children, adolescents, and emerging adults will find this a thought-provoking and illuminating resource.

Introduction: Health Disparities, Resilience, and Interdisciplinary Care for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC; & Richard A. Sprott, PhD
Rationale for this Book
Target Audience
Useful Frameworks
Minority Stress Theory Intersectionality Theory Resilience-Based and Strength-Focused Approaches Interdisciplinary and Whole-Person Approaches Overview of the Book
Conclusion
References
SECTION I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1 Minority Stress Theory and Resilience-Building Practice
Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Author’s Note
Minority Stress Theory
Minority Stress Processes
Minority Stress Processes and Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals
Distal Stressors Proximal Stressors The Impact of Minority Stress on Mental Health
The Impact of Minority Stress on Physical Health
Resilience
Individual Resilience Community Resilience Resilience-Building Practice: Interventions That Can Enhance Resilience
Societal Level Interventions Community- and Group-Level Interventions Individual-Level Interventions (ILI) Empirical Support for the Minority Stress Model
Gaps in the Literature and Future Directions for Clinically Relevant Research
References
2 Intersectionality, Culturally Sensitive Care, and LGBTQ+ Youth
Kayden J. Schumacher, BA, MSc, MS Ed, LSC; Leonardo E. Candelario-Pérez, PhD, LP; Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Practice Considerations
Advocacy Considerations
Conclusion
References
3 Interdisciplinary Healthcare for Transgender Youth: An Application of the Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Katherine G. Spencer, PhD, LP, CST & Nova Bradford, LGSW
Introduction to Transgender Health
History of Gender Affirmative Healthcare for Youth
Minority Stress
The Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Philosophical Foundations of GALA Core Components of GALA Interdisciplinary Approach
Connections to Medical Interventions
Case Studies
Case Study A: Research—Unicorn Youth Case Study B: Advocacy & Policy—Health Insurance Advocacy in Minnesota Case Study C: Clinical Example—Sexuality and Agency Case Study D: Youth Homelessness Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Professionals References
SECTION II: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4 The Youngest Part of the Rainbow: Clinical Care for Gender Diverse Children
Dianne R. Berg, PhD, LP*; Caroline Maykut, PhD*; Rachel Becker-Warner, PsyD, LP; Catherine Schaefer, MS; & Jennifer J. Connor, PhD, LMFT (*Co–First Authors)
Social and Historical Context of Research with Gender Diverse Children
Gender Identity Development
Mental Health in Gender Diverse Children
Clinical Implications of Mental Health Research
Resilience in Gender Diverse Children
Interpersonal Contexts Peer Group Family Community Contexts Schools Healthcare Settings Medical Settings Mental Health Settings Case Study
Andi’s Gender Journey Sessions 1–3 Assessment: Age 4.11–5.0 Sessions 4–5 Feedback and Collaborative Treatment Planning with Parents Only: Age 5.1–5.2 Sessions 6–11 Early Therapy Process: Age 5.3–6.1 Sessions 12–16 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.2–6.7 Sessions 17–24 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.8–7.5 Sessions 24–35 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 7.6–9.0 Sessions 36–44 Present Therapeutic Process: Age 9.3–10.5 Case Reflection Future Directions
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals
References
5 Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Amy L. Gower, PhD; Marla E. Eisenberg, ScD, MPH; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Interpersonal Relationships
Friendships Romantic Relationships Parent/Family Relationships The School Context
Community Support
Online/Internet Support
Developmental Considerations
Case Study
Practice Considerations Conclusions
References
6 Not a Teen, Not Yet an Adult: Health Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Caleb Esteban, PhD; Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, PhD; Luis X. Díaz-Medero, MS; & Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, MS
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Institutional Challenges
Family College Religious Institutions Healthcare Government Interpersonal Challenges
Relationships Marriage Peers Religious Affiliation Personal Challenges
Physical Health HIV/STIs Healthcare Substance Abuse Mental Health Depression and Anxiety Suicide Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Resilience Social Support Community Engagement and Connectedness Gaps and Future Direction for Studies
Clinical Implications
Case Study
Case Study Discussion
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians
References
SECTION III: SYSTEMS OF CARE
7 Pre-K–12 Schools
Molly M. Strear, PhD, NCC & Matthew J. Beck, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
SBMHPs Working with LGBTQ+ Youth: Review of Literature
School Counselors School Social Workers School Psychologists SBMHP Collaboration Recommendations for SBMHPs
Coordination of Services through MTSS
Tier 1—Universal Support Tier 2—Supplemental Support Tier 3—Intensified Support Family/Community Engagement Implications and Future Directions
Conclusion
Key Knowledge for Students Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals References
8 Serving LGBTQ+ Students at University and College Campuses
(Jan E. Estrellado, PhD, & Saeromi Kim, PhD)
Challenges Facing LGBTQ+ College Students
Mental Health Disparities Identity Development as a Major Task of Late Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Acceptance and Visibility of LGBTQ+ Students on Campus Intersectionality and Marginalized Identities The Need for Affirming LGBTQ+ College Student Services
Student Support Services Relationships with Faculty Relationships with Peers Health Services on Campus Gaps in Research
First-Generation Students Bisexual and Fluid Students Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive (TNBGE) Students STEM Students Immigration Status International Students Clinical and Policy Recommendations When Working with LGBTQ+ College Students
University or College Counseling Centers Coming Out Language Complexity of Identities Depathologizing Symptoms Advocacy Policy Recommendations Data Collection Institutional Policies Feedback Loops Inclusivity Dialogue Spaces Intersectionality Community LGBTQ+ Services Community Colleges Protective Factors Health Providers Counseling Centers Academic and Career Advisors Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Practitioners References
9 Medical Care Centers as Beacons of Hope for LGBTQ+ Youth
Hiram Rivera-Mercado, PsyD; Kevin Carrión, PsyD; & Taymy J. Caso, PhD
Role of Hospitals in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Some Services Included
Primary Care Pediatric Endocrinologist Behavioral Health and Mental Health Services Obstetrics and Gynecology Policies and Their Function
Training of Personnel
Community Partnerships and Resources
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Physical Environment Registration and Documentation Processes Language and Communication Conclusion
References
10 Improving Child Welfare and Foster Care Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth
Kellen Grayson, PsyD, LMFT & Mira Krishnan, PhD, ABPP
Family Rejection, Abuse, and Homophobia
LGBTQ+ Youth and Polyvictimization
Poverty and LGBTQ+ Youth Vulnerability
Overrepresentation of LGBTQ+ Youth in Child Welfare Services
The State of Foster Care and Child Welfare Systems
Policies and Practices in Child Welfare Services Training and Oversight of Foster Parents and Child Welfare Workers Gaps in Care
Transition-Age Youth The Landscape for Change Religious Freedom Restoration Acts and Child Welfare Considerations for Clinicians Conclusion
References
11 LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
(Catherine Forbes, PhD, Carrie Mounier, LCSW, & Kaitlin Venema, PhD)
Literature Review and Gaps in Research: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Figure 11.1. Risk Factors for Homelessness Shared with Cisgender/Heterosexual Youth and Unique for LGBTQ+ Youth
Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Practice in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment
Trauma-Informed Care Interdisciplinary Programs for LGBTQ+ YEH Evidenced-Based LGBTQ+-Affirming Therapeutic Services Group Therapy Approaches Alternative Programming for LGBTQ+ YEH Medical Interventions Structural Competency and Service Systems for LGBTQ+ YEH
Impact of Structures on Patient Health
Influence of Structures on the Clinical Encounter
Respond to Structures in the Clinic
Respond to Structures beyond the Clinic
Structural Humility
Practice and Policy Recommendations
Healing-Centered Engagement and Structural Violence
Restorative Justice and Structural Violence
Positive Youth Development and Structural Violence
Harm Reduction and Structural Violence
Gaps and Future Directions
References
12 Gender Expansive and Sexual Minority Youth and the (In)Justice System
Macy Wilson, PsyD; Jessica Ward, MA; & Roberto L. Abreu, PhD
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
School-to-Prison Pipeline
“No Promo Homo” Laws and a Heterosexual-Cisgender School-Based Curriculum
A Failed Welfare System
The (Il)legal System
Disproportionate Representation Unequal Injustice Gender Differences Youth of Color Microaggressions Mediating Factors Mental Health Behaviors While Incarcerated
Self-Harming Behaviors Aggression toward Others Toward a Socially Just System: Ensuring Safety for LGBTQ+ Youth
Incorporating a Holistic Approach to Care Constitutional Rights Legal Rights of LGBTQ+ Youth in the Justice System Recommendations
Key Knowledge Points
References
13 Services for Youth and Emerging Adults at LGBTQ+ Centers and Other Community-Based Organizations
Tangela Roberts, PhD; Zari Carpenter, MA; & Kat Schuette, MA
Authors’ Note
LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color
Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults
Challenges for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Healthcare Challenges Mental Health Sexual Health Interpersonal Challenges Coming Out Building Community Dating and Relationships Intimate Partner Violence Vocational Challenges Career Development Employment Discrimination Workplace Identity Management Method
Sample of LGBTQ+ Community Centers
Table 13.1: Number of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in the United States by State
Results
Physical Health Services Mental Health Services Services for Queer Youth and Emerging Adults of Color (QYAOC) Services for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults Emotional Support Social Support Services Related to the Provision of Basic Needs Housing Stability Food Insecurity Services Related to Educational and Vocational Assistance Auxiliary Services Discussion
Areas of Improvement in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults Availability of Services by Geographical Region Access to LGBTQ+ Community Centers LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color Considerations for Clinical Practice Policy Recommendations References
14 Independent Practice
Gary Howell, PsyD; Arlene Noriega, PhD; & Julie Williams, MS Ed, MA
Independent Practice
Solo Practices Group Practices Integrated Practices Nuances with LGBTQ+ Affirmative Practices
Consultative Roles
Barriers to Care
Healthcare Disparities Sociopolitical Factors Social Determinants of Care Eliminating Barriers to Care Cultural Competence
Intersectional Approach Centering Marginalized Voices Advocacy Integrated Approach
Impact of the Affordable Care Act Impact of COVID Successes Challenges Research Gaps and Future Directions
Considerations for Practice
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners
References
Conclusion: Increasing Health and Well-Being of LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults: Lessons Learned, Questions Unanswered
Richard A. Sprott, PhD; G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; & Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC
Summary of Findings and Lessons
A Possible Agenda for Research, Clinical Treatment, and Policy
More Resources and Funding Train Mental Health Providers Systems-Based Approach Refinement Summary
References
Appendix: List of Resources
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors

Product details

Published	Nov 08 2022
Format	Hardback
Edition	1st
Extent	428
ISBN	9781538154465
Imprint	Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Illustrations	1 b/w illustration; 1 table
Dimensions	10 x 7 inches
Series	Diverse Sexualities, Genders, and Relationships
Publisher	Bloomsbury Publishing

Within the current legislative climate of attacks on LGBTQ+ people in the US, this book provides a positive, affirming view of mental health practices for mental health professionals working with LGBTQ+ children, adolescents, and emerging adults. As edited by Magalha~es, Sprott, and Rider, two factors that make the book stand out are its focus on all groups of younger people and the frameworks utilized. Grounded in minority stress theory and incorporating an intersectional, resilience- and strength-focus approach along with other interdisciplinary and whole-person approaches, the book provides an in-depth overview of given theoretical approaches and of LGBTQ+ issues at various developmental stages: children, adolescents, and emerging adults. This overview is offered along with a look, in part 3, at particular systems of care, e.g., pre-K–12 schools, college campuses, foster care, homelessness, and the (in)justice system. Acknowledging existing research gaps, chapters summarize pertinent gaps and recommend future research and health practice considerations. Although the target audience is mental health professionals who want to implement a more holistic approach in their work with LGBTQ+ youth, the book is also a must read for clinicians in training and educators teaching about LGBTQ+ issues. Highly recommended. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals.

Choice Reviews
This book would be an exceptional resource to use in a training setting where students—who often ask: “But what can we do?”—can get tangible ideas and examples. For clinicians, this book offers insight into the interdisciplinary systems their clients may interact with, providing for more holistic, developmentally appropriate, and ultimately effective care.

Division 44 Newsletter, American Psychological Association
With skill and precision, Magalhães, Sprott, and Rider have curated an outstanding group of authors that provide a comprehensive understanding of mental health work with LGBTQ+ young people. The evidence-based practices, practical interventions, and cultural humility that emerge in every chapter are refreshing and needed. Practitioners will thank themselves for engaging with this text.

Theodore R. Burnes, professor of Clinical Education, University of Southern California; licensed clinical psychologist, independent practice
We are living in dark times for LGBTQ+ children, youth, and their families as restrictions on education, health care, sport, and access to public spaces continue to intensify. Against that backdrop, this book serves as a beacon for clinicians at all career stages who are committed to providing excellent care for young LGBTQ+ people. Grounded in psychological science, the text takes a refreshing resilience-based, strengths-focused approach to filling the need for rich interdisciplinary information and practical skills uniquely tailored to work with LGBTQ+ children and youth. It is an essential tool for clinicians who work with children, youth, and emerging adults, especially those in interdisciplinary spaces.

Douglas Knutson, PhD, LHSP, associate professor, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University
In today’s climate, mental health practitioners and those in related fields need as many resources and tools in their toolbox as they can possibly have, particularly when it comes to serving LGBTQ+ children and adolescents. This text will be a priceless addition to all those wanting to serve the LGBTQ+ population. I truly appreciate that it covers such a broad spectrum of issues and concerns impacting children, adolescents and those in emerging adulthood. It is a must for training programs and clinicians.

Tonya Renee Hammer, associate professor, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University
This is an ambitious and comprehensive project. It is grounded in important theoretical frameworks, yet also promises information relevant to a diverse group of clinicians, youth workers, educators, and service providers.

Sean Cahill, PhD, Director of Health Policy Research, The Fenway Institute