Preface
Introduction

Chapter One. Psychology in a Multicultural World
What is Multicultural Psychology?
Multicultural Psychology and Multiculturalism
Effects of Living in a Multicultural SocietyThe United States as a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Society
Within-Group Diversity
Ancestry
Race and Ethnicity
Age Differences
Language Use and Proficiency
Educational Attainment
Socioeconomic Status and PovertyWhy Study Multicultural Psychology?
Improving Psychological Research
Advancing Culturally Diverse Societies
Improving the Quality of Health and Human Services
Promoting Cultural CompetenciesMulticultural Psychology, Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology
The Growth of Multicultural Psychology

Chapter Two. Key Theoretical Concepts
Understanding Culture
Dimensions of Culture
Cultural Influences on Psychological ProcessesUnderstanding Ethnicity
The Problems of Ethnic Assessment and LabelsUnderstanding Race
WhitenessSocial Orientations or Ways of Being
Views of the Self Across CulturesSocial Stratification
Minority Status
Power and Privilege

Chapter Three. Responsible Research with Racial and Ethnic Communities
Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
A Definition of Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
Implementing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate ResearchAn Initial Consideration: Contextualization
Culturally Appropriate Methods
Choosing a Research Approach
Key Issues in Developing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
Instrument CharacteristicsProperly Identifying and Describing Participants
Culturally Appropriate Analysis of Information or Data
The Problem of Limited Participation in Research
Ethical ConsiderationsInformed Consent
Freedom to Discontinue Participation
Respect for Privacy and Confidentiality
Appropriate Balance Between Risks or Costs and Benefits

Chapter Four. Acculturation
Defining AcculturationEarly Definitions
Contemporary Definitions
Understanding Assimilation and Segmented Assimilation
Models of AcculturationThe Unidirectional Model of Acculturation
Berry’s Two Dimensional Model of Acculturation
A Social Context Model of Acculturation
The Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM)
The Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM)
Biculturalism
Enculturation
Generational Differences and Acculturation
Acculturational Stress
Measuring Acculturation
Levels of Acculturation
Chapter Five. Intersectional Identities Part I: Racial, Ethnic and Class Dimensions
Understanding the Multiple and Intersecting Dimensions of Identity
Defining Racial, Ethnic and Class Identities
Racial Identity
Ethnic Identity
Class IdentityModels of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development and Formation
Racial Identity Development
Ethnic Identity Development
Factors Shaping Ethnic Identity Development
Multiracial Identity DevelopmentRacial, Ethnic and Class Influences on Psychological Adjustment
Racial Identity and Adjustment
Ethnic Identity and Adjustment
Biracial/Multiracial Identities and Adjustment
Class Identity and Adjustment
Chapter Six. Intersecting Identities Part II: Gender and Sexuality Dimensions
Defining Gender and Sexual Identities
Gender Identity
Sexual IdentityModels of Gender and Sexual Identity Development and Formation
Gender Typing and Gender Identity Formation
Sexual Identity FormationCultural, Family and Minority Considerations in “Coming Out”
Asian Americans
Latinos
African AmericansRelationship of Gender and Sexual Identities to Psychosocial Adjustment
Gender Identity and Adjustment
Sexual Identity and Adjustment
Chapter Seven. Family Structure, Relations, and Socialization
An Ecological Perspective of Family Functioning
How Do You Define a Family? Factors Affecting Family Structures and Household
Arrangements
Migration
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Exposure to Stress and Trauma
Cultural Values and BeliefFamily Functioning, Socialization, and Adjustment
Parenting Styles
Parent-Child Relationships
Academic Achievement
Couple Relationships
Family Stress and Coping
Chapter Eight. Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination
Understanding Stereotypes
Stereotype Content
Development of Stereotypes
Stereotype Characteristics and EffectsPrejudice and Discrimination
Measuring Prejudice and Discrimination
The Experience of Discrimination
Why Do People Discriminate?Racism
Racial MicroaggressionsReducing Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism
Intergroup Contact
Dialogue across Difference
School Desegregation
Other Promising PracticesThe Benefits of a Multicultural Society

Chapter Nine. Physical Health and Wellbeing
Influential Models of Health
Biomedical Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Ecological ModelsCulture, Ethnicity, and Health
Health Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Defining Health Disparities
Examples of Health Disparities
Disparities in Healthcare Access and QualityFactors Associated With Health Disparities
Behavioral Lifestyle
Acculturation
Accessible and Affordable Health Care
Poverty and Community Characteristics
Undocumented Status
Discrimination and Racism
Environmental Racism
Spirituality and ReligionReducing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: The Federal Government’s Approach
Culturally Competent Health Care

Chapter Ten. Psychological Adjustment
Mental Health and Psychological Distress
A Broader Perspective on AdjustmentPrevalence and Risk of Major Psychological Disorders
General Epidemiological Surveys
Surveys Specific to Ethnic Minority Communities
Major Disorders in Ethnic Minority PopulationsCultural Influences on the Explanation and Expression of Psychological Distress
Service UtilizationSelected Factors Influencing Effective Delivery of Mental Health Services
Practical and Ethical Guidelines for Culturally Sensitive Practice

References
Photo Credit
Index