Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Confronting Caledonia
Historians and Population History
Family and Population History
Unlocking Migration
What this Book Offers
Highlands, Lowlands, and Clearances
1. Discovering the People
Scenery and Scarcity
A Blended People
Robert Wallace and the Population Debate
Alexander Webster’s Scotland, c. 1751
Sir John Sinclair’s Scotland, c. 1791
John Rickman and Scotland
Rev. Thomas Malthus and Scotland
How Many People?
Why Did the Population Grow after 1650?
A Mainly Female People?
James Cleland’s Glasgow, 1820s
Enlightenment Indeed
What Were Their Names?
What Were Their Faiths?
Were They Married?
Household and Family Size
Only Slow Improvement, 1750–1900
2. Scotland Made and Unmade
Not the Land of Opportunity
A Conscripted Urban People
The Victorian Economy: Mixed Results
Enter the Irish
The Slow Death of Labor Demand, 1901–1971
3. No Simple Story
Destination Ulster, 1608–c. 1720
Destination North America, c. 1720–1776
Scotland Revisited, c. 1720–1776
The Expatriates Return, c. 1800–1820
The Two Sides of Scottish Migration, 1840–1930
How Many Left?
Not All It Seemed
Helping the Poor and Getting Land, c. 1820–1880
Deciding to Go
Looking for Work that Paid, c. 1870–1930
Where Did They Come From?
The Scottish Presence, c. 1930
What Future?
No Easy Answers
4. England
The Manchester Scots, 1837
Henry Mayhew’s London Scots, 1856
Important and Distinctive, 1820–1930
North England and London, 1841–1931
Presbyterianism
Where Did They Come From?
What Did They Do?
Were They Married?
Few Surprises
5. North America
Making the Sources Speak
Did They Stay?
Where Did They Go?
What Did They Do?
What Were Their Names?
What Did They Believe In?
Were They Married?
A World of Kith and Kin
The 1900s
Moving On
John Kenneth Galbraith’s The Scotch
Reluctant Americans?
How Well Did They Do?
Southward Bound?
6. South Africa and Australasia
A Variable Presence
South Africa: Failure to Thrive
Success in the Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand
Gold and Distance
Did They Stay?
Governments Lend a Hand
Where Did They Go?
What Did They Do?
Were They Married?
Children
What Did They Believe In?
How Healthy Were They?
Only If Necessary
7. A Changed World
Still Distressed: Scotland c. 1930–1970
First Choice: England
Less Popular: Canada
Not Really Wanted: United States
Still Welcome: Australia and New Zealand
Putting It Together
The Man on the Bridge
Appendix A: A Population Timeline
Appendix B: The People’s Names
Appendix C: Some Vital Data
Bibliography
About the Author